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北 조용한 디지털혁명?..."김정운을 차기 수령으로 키우려는 정치적 캠페인"
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北 조용한 디지털혁명?..."김정운을 차기 수령으로 키우려는 정치적 캠페인"
  • 박준표 기자
  • 승인 2011.08.01 14:08
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▲ (사진제공=AP통신)

▲ (사진제공=AP통신)

[평양=AP/KNS뉴스통신] 현재 평양에서는 미약하지만 조금씩 성장하고 있는 디지털 세계가 있으며 ‘CNC', 'E-도서관', 'IT', '레드스타'와 '내나라' 라고 불리는 포털사이트도 운영되고 있다.

AP통신은 북한의 의도는 예측하기 어렵지만 혹자는 북한 정부가 컴퓨터 전문가 세대를 길러 경쟁국가의 방어체계를 공격할 해커들을 양성하는 인력이라고 예측했다.

또한 컴퓨터 교육과 IT전문가를 양성하는 것이 스위스에서 교육받은 아들 김정운을 차기 수령으로 키우고자 하는 정치적 캠페인이라고 예상했다.

북한은 아직도 이메일이나 전화 혹은 인터넷 접속이 가장 힘든 나라 중에 하나이나, 그곳에는 전세계 네트워크 접속에 대한 호기심의 징후들이 나타나고 있다.

북한의 IT회사들은 중동지역의 은행을 위한 프로그램, 일본과 한국의 핸드폰 제조업, 심지어 플레이스테이션과 닌텐도 같은 비디오 게임을 조용히 개발해왔다고 북한 회사들과 수년간 같이 일해온 네덜란드인 IT 컨설턴트 Paul Tjia는 말했다.

미국은 아이폰이나 아이패드같은 제품의 북한 진출을 금지했다. 그러나 북한의 프로그래머들이 일하는 회사인 ‘NOSOTEK’사 사장 Volker Eloesser는 북한의 프로그래머들은 서양인들과 함께 일하면서 아이폰, 아이패드, 페이스북 게임, 위, 블랙베리 등을 경험한다며 밝혔다.

그러나 여전히 인터넷 접속은 아직 제한적이며 북한의 고위층이라도 인트라넷을 통해 자체 사이트에만 접속이 가능한 상황이고 전세계적인 인터넷 사용은 어려운 실정이다.

북한이 이처럼 IT에 공을 들이는 것을 두고 전문가들은 김일성, 김정일이 군사력을 바탕에 두고 권력을 장악했다면 젊은 세대인 김정은은 기술적 혁신이란 덕목을 강조하며 집권을 정당화하려는 의도가 있는 것으로 분석된다.

또 북한은 최근 몇 년 간 한국의 국가기관과 금융기관 등에 광범위한 해킹공격을 한 것으로 보인다. 이는 컴퓨터 전문가 양성의 목적이 적대국가에 대한 네트워크 공격으로 의심되고 있다.

 

(영문기사 원문)

Quiet digital revolution under way in North Korea

PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) — As his right hand grips the mouse, the physics major's eyes are fixed on a flat-screen monitor labeled with a red sticker reminding him the computer was a gift   from Kim Jong Il.

Kim Nam Il says he prefers learning online to studying   from books, and in that sense, the 21-year-old is just like other university students the world over.

North Korea is undergoing its own digital revolution, even as it grapples with chronic shortages of food and fuel. It is still among the most isolated of nations, with cyberspace policies considered among the most restrictive in the world. Yet inside Pyongyang, there is a small but growing digital world, and a whole new vocabulary to go with it: CNC, e-libraries, IT, an operating system called Red Star and a Web portal called Naenara.

In a world ever-wary of the unpredictable nation's motives, some see in North Korea's bid to train a generation of computer experts the specter of hackers launching attacks on the defense systems of rival governments. Others see the push to computerize factories and develop IT expertise as a political campaign designed to promote Kim Jong Un, the reputedly tech-savvy, Swiss-educated son being groomed to succeed his father as North Korea's next leader.

The country remains one of the hardest to penetrate by email, phone, or Internet. Still, there are signs of curiosity about the wired world outside.

Interest in computers and technology is not new for North Korea. According to local lore, leader Kim Jong Il once said there are three types of fools in the 21st century: those who smoke, those who do not appreciate music and those who cannot use computers. At the close of a historic 2000 meeting with then-U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, he asked for her email address.

North Korea's biggest IT hub, the state-run Korea Computer Center, has been around since 1990 and has expanded across the country and into Germany, China, Syria, the United Arab Emirates and else   where, according to the company.

Since then, North Korean IT firms have quietly developed software for banks in the Middle East, applications for cell phone makers in Japan and South Korea and even video games for Nintendo and Playstation, said Paul Tjia, a Dutch IT consultant who has been working with North Korean companies for years.

The U.S. bans the export to North Korea of luxury items such as iPhones and iPads. But North Korean programmers working for Nosotek, a software   joint venture in Pyongyang managed by Westerners, have developed games for Facebook, the iPhone and iPad, Wii and BlackBerry, company president Volker Eloesser said by e-mail.

Computer use does not appear widespread yet in North Korea,   where power is scarce and most of the country remains analog. It still is the domain of the privileged in Pyongyang, and aside   from top government officials, most have access only to the country's internal Intranet network, not the strictly allocated global Internet.

But inside the cocoon of computer labs and IT centers, young North Koreans are well-versed in programming, Tjia said.

"The knowledge available in the country is in many cases up to the Western level," he said, adding that those who need extra training are routinely sent to India and other countries.

Increasingly, North Korea is getting on the World Wide Web.

Last year, North Koreans   created a buzz by opening accounts on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube with the handle "Uriminzok," Korean for "our people."

Flag carrier Air Koryo does not have a website, but it does have a Facebook page with 1,200 fans and engages in lively, humorous discussions with followers while dispensing advice on travel and visas.

This month, one Facebook user asked if Air Koryo offered online check-in.

"You kidding right?" Air Koryo responded. "There are many things to do before even looking at 'Online check-in' such as actually creating a website."

Strengthening science and technology to build up the economy has been a national creed and government mission since the countdown began in 2009 toward the milestone 100th anniversary of national founder Kim Il Sung's birth.

A new, often-cited slogan has emerged: "Breaking through the cutting edge." And in this year's New Year's editorial, the government emphasized the importance of science and technology in this "IT era."

Last year, references to "CNC," computer numerical control, began popping up regularly in state media, on propaganda posters, on T-shirts and in the latest rendition of the Arirang mass games. Everything   from pencils to sandals are being churned out at top speed, thanks to CNC, according to state media.

It even has its own ode: "Song of CNC," said Kim Hyang, a guide at the Three Revolution Exhibition Hall,      where products made with CNC are displayed. Asked to hum a few bars, he laughed and demurred.

To the West, computer automation at factories, around since the 1960s, may not seem so novel. But for North Korea, it is a catchphrase for modernization and a rare instance of English creeping into a staunchly Korean vocabulary. It's a word that has a trendy feel rolling off the tongue.

Modern, high-tech, international, cutting edge: they all are virtues befitting a young, little-known future leader who is described as a tech-savvy military genius by his loyalists.

"It gives them something to praise him for," said Brian Myers, a professor of international studies who focuses on North Korean propaganda. "Kim Il Sung came to power as a military legend, and Kim Jong Il did, too. What I would do in their position would be to link (Jong Un) to technical innovation."

South Korean officials suspect more strategic military motivations are behind North Korea's zeal to train the next generation of computer experts.

For nearly 60 years, the Korean peninsula has remained in a technical state of war, divided into the communist north and the U.S.-backed capitalist south. Although both sides signed a truce in 1953, tensions persist.

In 2009, unidentified hackers waged a denial-of-service cyberattack on a host of U.S. and South Korean government sites, including those for the White House, Pentagon, presidential Blue House in Seoul and South Korean Defense Ministry. In a simple but effective ploy, the hackers flooded the websites with useless requests, slowing them down or knocking them offline.

A similar but more sophisticated attack this March targeted 40 South Korean government, military and civilian sites, as well as websites linked to the U.S. military in South Korea — including 14 of the same sites hacked in 2009 attack.

"North Korea is strategically nurturing its cyber warfare unit," Lt. Gen. Bae Deuk-shin, chief of South Korea's Defense Security Command, told a computer security forum in Seoul this month.

North Korea's Ministry of the People's Armed Forces denies involvement, calling the allegations "absurd."

The culprit is difficult to nail down, but North Korea or its sympathizers are likely, Dmitri Alperovitch, vice president of threat research at computer-security software maker McAfee Inc. told The Associated Press.

The purpose: to test the U.S. and South Korean defenses and reaction, a recent McAfee study said.

"Knowing that would be invaluable in a possible future armed confrontation on the peninsula, since cyberspace already has become the fifth battlespace dimension, in addition to land, air, sea, and space," the report said.

Computer education begins as early as primary school for Pyongyang's elite.

At the Mangyongdae Schoolchildren's Palace,   where students perfect their singing, dancing, taekwondo, calligraphy and drawing, one boy is playing a game that tests his typing skills on a computer that glows beneath portraits of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. So far, he has 41 of 61 characters right.

Another has Adobe Photoshop open and is working on adding text to a JPEG image. "There's no Stopping Progress," his sentence reads, superimposed on an image of Windows XP.

At the computer lab at the Grand People's Study House, the ornate main library overlooking Kim Il Sung Plaza, every single desk with a Dell computer is occupied, the tap of keyboards the only noise breaking the silence.

Typing in www.yahoo.com on Internet Explorer goes no   where, but it is easy to find Rodong Sinmun, the Workers' Party newspaper, on the Naenara ("My country") portal.

At Kim Il Sung University, North Korea's top university, many of the classrooms may not have heat in winter but the building housing a new e-library that opened last year is state of the art.

Students neatly turned out in dark blazers and red ties sit quietly before terminals outfitted with HP computers. They have 2.8 million books   from around the world at their disposal online, including English-language textbooks by U.S. publisher McGraw-Hill.

Washington bans the export of computers and software to North Korea   from the United States, and Dell policy forbids the export and re-export of its goods to the country. However, both Dell and HP have factories in China, North Korea's main trading partner.

Inside a classroom, students take notes on computers as a lecturer instructs them on Linux programming. On the walls, 3Com wireless routers beam the Intranet throughout the building. The catchphrase on campus is "roka" — short for "remote controlled" — education. Lectures in "roka" classrooms can be transmitted in real time across the campus via webcam, said Ryang Myong Hui, a university tour guide.

Competition to study computer science at North Korea's top universities is fierce, Tjia said.

"For North Korea, IT is one of the hot new topics," he said. "Not because it's new but because it gives new career options, including the option to work abroad and to work for foreign companies."

Kim Nam Il, the physics student, is completely at ease navigating his way around Red Star 2.0, North Korea's homegrown operating system.

He writes emails, plays video games and listens to music online. He spends three to four hours a day at the computer lab, he says.

And then he goes home — and gets right back online.

 

박준표 기자 knspjp@kns.tv


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